This book, written by two leading educators, offers a detailed examination of mathematical education in the early 20th century. The authors argue that too much emphasis is placed on rote memorization and not enough on understanding the underlying concepts of arithmetic. They propose a more hands-on approach to teaching, using concrete objects and activities to help students develop a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts. A fascinating look at the history of math education. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.