This publication examines an alternative way to provide education more efficiently and effectively through public-private partnerships by looking into the secondary education policy of the Republic of Korea and Japan. Focusing on the financial support for private schools and on the accountability system, it explores the contribution of public-private partnerships in universal secondary education in these two countries. Despite initial challenges, these countries succeeded in expanding educational opportunities by involving private sector under well-organized accountability system. Drawing from these case studies, the publication provides recommendations that aim to help developing member countries expand educational opportunities and improve the quality of education as appropriate for each country.