The American Journal of Physiology is a leading academic journal that publishes original research in the field of physiology. Founded in 1898, it covers a wide range of topics, including cardiovascular and respiratory physiology, metabolism, neuroscience, and cellular and molecular physiology. The journal features articles, reviews, and commentaries from leading experts in the field, providing readers with cutting-edge insights into the workings of the human body. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.