The decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen is known as anemia. The common symptoms of anemia include tiredness, weakness, confusion, shortness of breath, poor concentration and poor ability to exercise. Blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction and fluid overload are some of the causes of anemia. Microcytic anemia, macrocytic anemia and normocytic anemia are the main types of anemia based on the size of the red blood cells along with the amount of hemoglobin in them. Assessment of the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin level is required to diagnose anemia. This book unravels the recent studies in this medical condition. It explores all the important aspects of anemia in the present day scenario. This book is an essential guide for clinicians, doctors and medical students.