This thesis focuses on empirical work conducted among beekeepers and their families in Lower Austria. It aims to answer the question if and how bee products are used to treat illnesses and maintain health. Furthermore, the findings are evaluated and interpreted according to the carefully selected theoretical framework. Arthur Kleinman's model of health care systems was a useful tool in order to understand the interplay of health practice and knowledge. My work makes no claim to be complete. Science is in constant motion and our knowledge increases all the time - just like our apiarists never stop exploring new ways of using honey, propolis, pollen, royal jelly, and Co.