Early Buddhist manuscript recording a previously unknown scholastic text about existence This volume offers a transcription, edition, translation, and analysis of a previously unknown scholastic text, an important discovery for scholars of early Indian Buddhist doctrine. British Library Kharo??h? Fragment 28, from the first or second century CE and written in the G?ndh?r? language and Kharo??h? script, provides critical insight into the early development of Buddhist thought, particularly concerning the existence of past, present, and future factors. The text critiques Sarv?stiv?da arguments that ?everything exists,? while referring to a range of positions on the dynamics of causality. The work?s deeply researched chapters introduce the text and explore its historical and doctrinal contexts, situating it among other early Buddhist writings. A complete commentary accompanies the translation, along with a transcription, edition, and detailed notes on the linguistic features of the text. High-resolution images of the manuscript and an index linking G?ndh?r?, Sanskrit, and Pali terms further enhance the volume?s academic value. A G?ndh?r? Abhidharma Text significantly advances the study of early Indian Buddhist scholasticism, transforming our understanding of foundational doctrinal debates. Ideal for specialists in Buddhism, early Indian religions, and manuscript studies, it brings groundbreaking perspectives to the discourse on Buddhist scholastic practice and doctrine.