This book examines qualitatively and quantitatively the exploitation of African through colonialism and imperialism. The contribution included build on previous qualitative analyses of the effects of imperialism and colonialism in Africa.  Chapters expand on that body of work and introduce new ways to measure some of the benefits that accrued to Europe and North America through centuries of systematic underpayments and overcharges that one can consider abuse of dominance. The collection also adds to an ongoing process that is related to the growing work related to reparations.   This book, thereby, contributes to a process of changing international development assistance policy. It helps to create a basis for officially estimating the continuing gains from past and current actions against African economic, social, and political institutions and systems.   This edited volume, which showcases a diversity of scholars and their perspectives, attempts to establish wrongful benefits and damages from almost 600 years of international harm to the African continent.