The state of health and welfare of an animal is understood from the different parameters of longevity, immunosuppression, disease, behavior, physiology and reproduction. There are various threats to animal welfare such as animal testing, blood sport, abandonment, cruelty, overpopulation, etc. Animals suffer from a wide variety of diseases, such as bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases and genetic diseases. The field of medicine that studies all aspects of animal health and welfare is known as veterinary science. It is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of animal diseases. Different specializations exist in veterinary science such as animal physiotherapy, animal dentistry, etc. Health monitoring in livestock, maintenance of good physical and mental health of pets, control of zoonotic diseases, etc. are all within the domain of veterinary science. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of animal health and welfare. Also included is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and advancements in veterinary science. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.