Biogeography is the study of the distributions of organisms in space and time. The aim of this book is to provide a generalised survey of the floristic and zoogeographic regions of the world. The book explains the relationships between patterns of plant and animal distributions and the processes that have produced them. This book is very important in understanding how animals and plants have changed the landscape over time. It utilizes knowledge from the study of rocks or geology, the study of ecosystems or ecology, and the study of the physical planet or physical geography to answer questions about how organisms react to changes in their environment. Geomorphology is the study of landforms, their processes, form and sediments at the surface of the Earth. Study includes looking at landscapes to work out how the earth surface processes, such as air, water and ice, can mould the landscape. It is concerned with the shaping of land forms, through such processes as subsidence and uplift, and with the classification and study of land forms as mountains, volcanoes, and islands.