Considering war from a female perspective, diverse case studies from the Ancient Near East to the Roman World show the many faces of women’s involvement in war and campaigning and try to answer the question of why ancient Greek and Roman authors tend to object to women participating in military activities. It combines studies on literary and material sources and examines “famous” cases of women at war such as the myth of the Amazons, the portrayal of Artemisia of Halicarnassus, and the military role of Macedonian royal women.