Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the heart’s function. There are various types of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, congenital heart disease, peripheral artery disease, aortic disease, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), coronary artery disease, valve disease, arrhythmia, and aortic disease. Most CVDs are a result of abnormalities in multiple pathobiological pathways instead of a single molecular effector. Some common symptoms of cardiovascular diseases include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, sweating, and palpitations. Some common tests used for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases include stress tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), ambulatory monitoring, blood tests, cardiac CT, echocardiogram, and cardiac MRI. The treatment of cardiovascular disease is based on the symptoms and the type of condition. It may include lifestyle changes, medications, surgeries, and minimally invasive surgery. Cardiac rehabilitation is also a treatment option that helps the heart regain strength. This book outlines the molecular basis and clinical implications of cardiovascular diseases in detail. It will greatly assist researchers and students in the field of cardiology.