Brain hypoxia and ischemia refer to conditions where the brain experiences a deficiency in oxygen supply, leading to potentially severe consequences. Hypoxia occurs when there is a decrease in oxygen reaching brain tissue, while ischemia involves a restriction or complete blockage of blood flow to the brain. These conditions can arise from various causes, including stroke, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or severe head injury. When the brain is deprived of oxygen for even a short period, it can result in neuronal damage and, in severe cases, irreversible brain injury. Symptoms of brain hypoxia and ischemia can range from mild confusion and dizziness to more severe manifestations like loss of consciousness, seizures, and coma. Treatment typically involves restoring oxygen supply to the brain through interventions such as artificial ventilation, administering oxygen therapy, or, in some cases, surgical procedures to remove blockages in blood vessels. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of brain hypoxia and ischemia. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.