This book forms the cornerstone of sustainable development.This groundbreaking book offers an in-depth analysis of systems, mechanisms, and policies shaping wealth creation and distribution across diverse nations. Featuring case studies from countries such as Germany, the United States, and South Korea, it illuminates how governance models, social policies, and market interventions can address inequalities and foster equity. Authored by a distinguished team led by ZHOU Hong, a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, this study combines rigorous academic inquiry with practical insights. It explores key indicators of prosperity, from social redistribution systems to institutional policies for balanced growth. This book is an essential resource for policymakers, academics, and anyone seeking to understand the principles underpinning equitable societies. By drawing on lessons from global practices, it offers unique academic value and actionable insights for modern governance.