This book provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made and the challenges still to be overcome in order to unlock and support the potential of the island economies. Through in-depth analyses, case studies, and concrete examples, the authors examine central issues such as regulated prices, hydrocarbons, and abuse of dominance, while exploring strategic sectors such as telecommunications, tourism, and energy. The reflections and contributions gathered in this book highlight the specific challenges faced by island economies and offer avenues to strengthen regional cooperation. The shared experiences of the competition authorities of French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and other Pacific territories enrich this overview, paving the way for concrete solutions to tackle the high cost of living and promote sustainable economic development.