This edited collection adopts a multidisciplinary perspective on critical thinking, bringing together leading experts from fields such as psychology, philosophy, education, and creativity studies. It explores both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of critical thinking in the classroom. By integrating diverse approaches, the book aims to foster a richer dialogue and deeper understanding of critical thinking, while enhancing its application to address emerging challenges in the first quarter of the 21st century, including global pandemics, geopolitical tensions, and the rise of generative AI. Volume 1 offers a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge multidisciplinary research, laying the groundwork for Volume 2, which will delve into the application of critical thinking to contemporary issues such as artificial intelligence, misinformation, and health communication.