Examining the profound impact and significance of the Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (ICESCO) 'Capitals of Islamic Culture Programme', this book highlights its successes, critically assessing strategies and outcomes amid changing geopolitical conditions, and charting a path forward with actionable recommendations to enrich future aims. The 'Capitals of Islamic Culture Programme' is an initiative that promotes the Islamic world's dedication to education, science, and cultural growth. Rooted in Islamic ethical principles, it encourages the preservation, regeneration, and invigoration of cultural activity in the capitals, fosters cooperation across the Islamic world, and contributes vital insights into education and society. Set against the urgent need to comprehend how global organizations like ICESCO champion cultural heritage, science, and education, this book offers a substantial addition to the literature on supranational influences in non-Western contexts. From a deep dive into its historical evolution, to an analysis of its contributions to education, science, and culture, readers gain a holistic understanding of the programme. Each chapter applies a specific analytical lens, delivering a razor-sharp critical analysis of its objectives and impact, with discussion that draws on first-hand insights from ICESCO officials, amplifying voices at the heart of the initiative, alongside critical readings within broader geopolitics and global institutions. Cultivating Islamic Cultural Capitals will be a useful resource for scholars, educators, students, policymakers, and practitioners interested in culture and sustainable development, politics, governance, science, and education across the Arab region, Africa, Asia, and Latin America in particular.