The first of a two-volume set on dispute resolution in China, this book explores the landscape of disputes and risks in modern China, analyzing dispute resolution mechanisms and social impacts. Drawing on extensive social survey data, the author examines different types of disputes that occur in both rural and urban China. This volume summarizes 20 types of disputes in rural China, including their incidence and resolution, while also examining social contradictions and disputes in urban areas. Through theoretical frameworks such as dispute pyramid theory, law mobilization theory, and legality theory, the book provides deep insights into the complexities of conflict resolution in a rapidly changing society. Importantly, it emphasizes the importance of co-governance in conflict resolution and the development of risk control mechanisms for building a harmonious society. This title will appeal to scholars, students, and policymakers in the fields of law, sociology, and Chinese studies, especially those interested in understanding the intersection of law and society, social change, and governance in modern China.