This volume offers a concise overview of cyber warfare, providing historical context and an examination of its rapid development into a potent technological weapon of the 21st century.Ready-reference entries profile key individuals, organizations, technologies, and cyberattack events. Readers will also discover a curated selection of relevant primary source documents with insightful analyses. A chronology, cross references at the end of each entry, and a guide to related topics help readers discover and navigate content and form a more robust conceptual framework of the subject. Entry-specific further readings and an end-of-volume bibliography point readers toward additional resources and serve as a gateway to further learning. This second edition features more than 30 new entries, including coverage of recent high-profile events such as cyberattacks during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian War. Other new entries examine the development and potential cybersecurity impacts of artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, ransomware, and other emerging technologies. The documents section includes 7 new primary sources, offering perspectives from the U.S. government, European Union, People's Republic of China, and others. Updates to entries, the chronology, further readings, and the end-of-volume bibliography capture the significant developments of this ever-evolving topic. This new volume continues the expert scholarship of the first edition ofEncyclopedia of Cyber Warfare, which was named a Top Ten Reference by Booklist in 2018.