This book is a comprehensive work which delves into the evolution of environmental law and sustainable development, offering a scholarly exploration of how these frameworks have shaped, and continue to shape, both the natural world and the rights of indigenous communities. From the origins of sustainable development during the Stockholm Declaration to the presentday climate action goals, this book weaves a narrative that is both historical and forwardlooking. Key chapters examine judicial intervention and constitutional provisions in India, tracing the progress of environmental legislation from ancient India to modern constitutional reforms. Special focus is given to environmental crime, highlighting its types, patterns, and the pressing concerns of indigenous communities who face displacement and exploitation due to unlawful mining and deforestation activities. This book serves as an essential resource for students, scholars, and policymakers seeking to understand the complex intersections of environmental justice, law, and the rights of marginalized communities.