After a swift and bloody regime change in 1998, Indonesia established democratic institutions. Democratization over the first two decades of the 21st century fundamentally transformed Indonesia as a nation-state; and with a population of approximately 270 million as of 2020, Indonesia is the third largest democracy in the world. This book presents twelve original chapters to discuss the achievements and challenges of Indonesia’ s transformation since the fall of Suharto’ s authoritarian regime in 1998.