Keeping Women in Science examines the careers of women and men at a large Australian research institute and the challenges that women with or without children experience, often resulting from direct and indirect discrimination and being positioned as outsiders. The research found a huge generational change between the Baby Boomers—the current science leaders—and Gen X and Gen Ys. Younger women and men reject the traditional model of a successful scientist—a single male for whom science is like a religious vocation. Instead, they seek new models for doing science that support dual careers, work flexibility and work-life balance.