This book disseminates and discusses relevant best case examples and research practices that show how nanomaterial research and related engineering concepts may provide answers and viable solutions to a variety of socioeconomic issues and concerns. The first section is dedicated to the development of new materials and their characterization. The second section addresses modeling and scale transition (from and to nanoscale) processes, and the third section presents applications in the environmental and energy sectors. Nanoporous Materials for Energy and the Environment covers a wide selection of subjects ranging from modeling and material design to the preparation and use of nanoporous catalysts, adsorbents, and membranes. The topics discussed include proton exchange membranes; carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrodes for fuel cells; advanced design of lithium batteries and supercapacitors using CNTs; multifunctional catalyst for biomass conversion; advanced characterization and modeling of nanomaterials and membranes (including gas transport and multiscale modeling); use of membranes in energy applications, gas treatment, and separations; and development of multifunctional photoactive membranes and of nanoordered 2D photoactive titania films and membranes.