Pedagogical Anthropology is a book written by Maria Montessori, an Italian physician and educator, and was first published in 1913. In this book, Montessori explores the relationship between education and human development from an anthropological perspective. Montessori argues that education should be based on the natural development of the child and that children have an innate drive to learn. She proposes that education should focus on providing the right environment and tools for children to explore and learn on their own, rather than forcing them to learn through rote memorization or strict discipline. Montessori also discusses the importance of sensory experiences in learning and proposes a method for teaching young children that involves hands-on activities and manipulatives. This method, which became known as the Montessori method, has had a significant impact on early childhood education around the world. Overall, "Pedagogical Anthropology" provides insight into Montessori's educational philosophy and highlights the importance of child-centered learning and individualized instruction.