Radiopharmaceutical chemistry is the field of chemistry that aims at exploring the role of radiopharmaceuticals or radiotracers in developing scientific and clinical tools for use in the medical field. Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive agents used to diagnose or treat certain medical problems or diseases. They are used to examine blood flow to the brain, functioning of the liver, lungs, heart, or kidneys, assess bone growth, and confirm other diagnostic procedures. The dosages of radiopharmaceuticals that are used to diagnose medical problems vary depending on the patient and the type of test. Some radiopharmaceuticals are used in large quantities to treat certain types of cancer and other illnesses. In these cases, the radioactive material is absorbed into the cancerous area and destroys the affected tissue. Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) has emerged as a safe and effective targeted approach for treating many types of cancer. RPT is a new treatment for cancer that offers several advantages over existing treatment approaches. Unlike radiation therapy, radiation is not delivered externally, but is delivered systemically or locally, similar to chemotherapy or biological targeted therapy. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Those in search of information to further their knowledge on this discipline as well as its applications will be greatly assisted by this book.