The volume 2 of this book covers the recent developments in various aspects of this new branch of surgery. Minimal Access Surgery (laparoscopic and robotic surgery) has advanced tremendously in the last few years. This volume provides step-by-step descriptions accompanied by numerous helpful photographs and anatomical drawings. It also covers the controversies and gives a cumulative opinion on the recent advances in MAS including MAS in oncology. Further topics are based on system wise and all volumes have separate chapters on the different topics within the system. This volume fills the void of a manual in minimal access surgery which benefits all, including the students of fellowships MAS, Master of Surgery, DNB Surgery and also young faculty or any practitioner.