This book serves as a comprehensive guide to the various approaches and technologies involved in the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), biofuels and sustainable aviation kerosene (SAK). It examines the key properties of these fuels in comparison to conventional petroleum-based fuels. In addition to detailing the underlying technologies, the book explores the economic aspects of production, comparing them to conventional refinery-produced fuels.Readers are introduced to a range of feedstocks that can be utilised for SAF and renewable fuel production, including sugars, ethanol, vegetable oils and fats, municipal waste, biomass and lignocellulose. The book discusses critical factors influencing feedstock selection such as availability, cost and sustainability. It also provides a systematic approach to estimating the production costs of SAF through various alternative pathways and feedstocks, facilitating concept analyses for specific projects.