This book offers a complete presentation of the most important themes of Marx's thought, following the development of Marx's theory from the beginning to his death and offering a reconstruction and analysis that covers the whole of Marx's life and works. Each chapter presents one of the central topics of Marx's reflection: the confrontation with the Hegelian theory of the State (1843); the critique of political liberalism in the "On the Jewish Question"; the discovery of Political Economy in the Manuscripts of 1844; the new theory of history developed in The German Ideology; the political theory and the revolution of 1848; the critique of political economy from the Grundrisse to Capital; and the political thought of the last Marx (the Paris Commune and the critique of the German Social Democratic Party). Stefano Petrucciani is Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.