This issue of Transnational Crime focuses on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Supplementing Protocols. It is part of a broader project, marking the UNTOC’s 20th anniversary, which started with The Palermo Convention at Twenty: Institutional and Substantive Challenges (Brill, 2021) and aims at appraising the Convention’s legal framework and its suitability as a tool for effectively combating present-day transnational organized crime.