The branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, heredity and genetic variation in living organisms is known as genetics. Animal breeding is the field of animal science that is concerned with the study of the estimated breeding value of livestock using methods like best linear unbiased prediction. It incorporates other disciplines such as quantitative statistics, molecular genetics and population genetics. This field can be majorly divided into two types of breeding practices. These are crossbreeding and purebred breeding. Crossbreeding is the mating of two different organisms to create an offspring that has traits of both the parents. Purebred breeding refers to the mating of similar organisms to maintain the stable traits of that particular organism. This book explores all the important aspects of animal genetics and breeding in the present day scenario. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles related to this field. As this discipline is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.