Designed for pre-service and novice teachers in ELT, What English Language Teachers Need to Know Volumes I , II , and III are companion textbooks organized around the key question: What do teachers need to know and be able to do in order to help their students to learn English? Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition of Volume III explores the contexts for ELT curricula; explains key processes in curriculum design; and sets out approaches to curricula that are linguistic-based, content-based, learner centered, and learning centered. Organized around the three pillars of teaching-planning, instructing, and assessing-chapters in the second edition are updated to include current research and theory to meet the needs of today's teachers, and feature new or revised vignettes and activities. New chapters help teachers understand both the technological and multilingual approaches that learners need to succeed today. The comprehensive texts of this series are suitable resources for teachers across different contexts-where English is the dominant language, an official language, or a foreign language; for different levels-elementary/primary, secondary, university, or adult education; and for different learning purposes-general English, workplace English, English for academic purposes, or English for specific purposes.